The Mountains of the East
The mountain range that runs along the eastern side of the United States is the Appalachian Mountains, often called simply the Appalachians. While the Rocky Mountains dominate the west of the country, the Appalachians are the defining range of the east.
A Long Eastern Spine
The Appalachians stretch for a great distance, running roughly from Alabama in the southern United States all the way up to Canada in the north. For much of American history they formed a natural barrier, a wall of ridges and valleys that separated the early settlements along the Atlantic coast from the vast lands of the interior. Crossing them was a major challenge for early settlers moving west.
Ancient and Worn Down
One of the most striking things about the Appalachians is their age. They are extremely old mountains - far older than the Rocky Mountains. Hundreds of millions of years of erosion have worn them down, which is why they are generally lower, rounder, and gentler than the sharp, towering peaks of the younger ranges out west. The highest point of the Appalachians is Mount Mitchell, the tallest peak in the eastern United States.
Source
This article was written using information from Wikipedia.